![]() This geographical region is unrelated to present-day Saxony but the name moved southwards due to certain historical events (see below). The Saxons converted to Christianity during this period. The first medieval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian stem duchy", which emerged around the start of the 8th century AD and grew to include the greater part of Northern Germany, what are now the modern German states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt. ![]() Henry the Lion (with his wife Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony) being crowned as the Duke of Saxony By the late Roman period, several tribes known as the Saxons emerged, from which the subsequent state(s) draw their name. Parts of Saxony were possibly under the control of the Germanic King Marobod during the Roman era. The Germanic presence in the territory of today's Saxony is thought to have begun in the first century BC. Notable archaeological sites have been discovered in Dresden and the villages of Eythra and Zwenkau near Leipzig. In prehistoric times, the territory of present-day Saxony was the site of some of the largest of the ancient central European monumental temples, dating from the fifth century BC. ![]() The state was broken up into smaller units during communist rule (1949–1989), but was re-established on 3 October 1990 on the reunification of East and West Germany. In 1918, after Germany's defeat in World War I, its monarchy was overthrown and a republican form of government was established under the current name. Saxony has a long history as a duchy, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire (the Electorate of Saxony), and finally as a kingdom (the Kingdom of Saxony). Old Saxony corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia. The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony, the area inhabited by Saxons. Following German reunification, the Free State of Saxony was reconstituted with enlarged borders in 1990 and became one of the five new states of the Federal Republic of Germany. After World War II, it was under Soviet occupation before it became part of the communist East Germany and was abolished by the government in 1952. The first Free State of Saxony was established in 1918 as a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. ![]() It was used for the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Saxony, and twice for a republic. The term Saxony has been in use for more than a millennium. Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of 18,413 square kilometres (7,109 sq mi), and the sixth most populous, with more than 4 million inhabitants. Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig. Saxony ( German: Sachsen ( listen) Upper Saxon: Saggsn Upper Sorbian: Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen Upper Saxon: Freischdaad Saggsn Upper Sorbian: Swobodny stat Sakska), is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. ![]()
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